Communication And Conflict Resolution For Criminal Justice

Brandman University Communication and Conflict Resolution for Criminal Justice CJCU 432 RESEARCH EXERCISE 2 CULTURE Professor Peter Jaske November 29, 2015 Phuong Le Culture I think culture, simply is what remains after the various historical cycles. Through each of the development cycle, people interact with others and developing a new culture. Culture is an objective phenomenon, an integration of all aspects of life. Even the smallest aspects of life have a culture. It was suggested that the ongoing world phenomenon of cultural invasion is the result of aggression by firearm and economic. I disagree with that theory because to me, culture is peace, culture is not aggression. The integration of cultural aspects is the process of people finding a common language for a common life. The concept of cultural invasion is the notion of the community who have experienced only formed in relations, development and the experience of war, especially the Cold War. In the Western culture homes of Americans, British, French we will see souvenirs from the orient. Sometimes in Western societies people tend to see the existence of a few souvenirs and ornaments from the E ast as a sign of elite or civilized. That is intertwined of life, it is the peaceful coexistence of the past, and there is also the cultural basis of peaceful coexistence in the future. Typically, civilization is used to indicate the level of development of physical and human spirit to a certainShow MoreRelatedQuality of Judicial Performance709 Words   |  3 Pagesjudicial performance is guaranteed and maintained (Choi et al, 2011). Absolute immunity Absolute immunity involves protection of government officials from legal action. This protection though does not include the intentional or malicious engagement in criminal acts by the officer. For example, in the case of King v. Simpson (1999), the parole board members were given absolute immunity to deny or grant parole (Alarid Carmen, 2010). Qualified immunity This type of immunity focuses more on the executiveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Ombuds Program911 Words   |  4 Pagesrestorative justice program that would imposed unique sanctions on offenders through the criminal courts (Brantley, 2009). The program had a faith-based component and was not imposed on the offender but rather both victim and offender must be willingly to participate (Brantley, 2009). Today most of the offender mediation programs are operated by Universities and schools. The University of Arkansas has a program named Ombus that participates in projects with the restorative justice program thatRead MoreThe Last Class Session Of New York City921 Words   |  4 PagesAgenda for Peace through preventive diplomacy in resolution A/RES/47/120 of 1992. Consequently, several UN peacekeeping missions were in Cambodia (UNTAC, 1992), Croatia/former Yugoslavia (UNPROFOR, 1992), Mozambique (UNMOZ, 1993), and Rwanda (UNAMIR, 1993). The missions ensured smooth transition from conflict to rehabilitation of governments. Likewise, the Department of Political Affairs was established in 1992 with a major purpose of conflict prevention through diplomacy. The UN Conference onRead MoreThe Three Views of Conflict: How Criminal Justice Agencies Function in the Midst of Conflict1115 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is conflict? There are many definitions for conflict. A conflict is defined b y Robbins Judge (2011) as A process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect something that the first party cares about. In this paper the three views of conflict will be discussed, then compared and contrasted. They are: (1) traditional view ;( 2) human relations view and (3) interactionist view. In addition functional conflict and dysfunctionalRead MorePurposes And Principle Of Un Charter Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pageswas a peak of ‘Arab spring’ – a rebellious movement in Arab countries for demanding democracy which influenced on Libya and created a conflict between Gaddafi authority and rebel group. Responding to the insurgency, Gaddafi applied a bloodshed shooting toward protesters (The New York Times, 2015). Dealing with this problem, UN Security Council adopted the ‘Resolution 1970’ which were series of non-military punishment: (1) Arms embargo, (2) travel ban toward Gaddafi’s family and coalition that supportRead MoreCultural Consideration1138 Words   |  5 PagesChanda Martin CJA/500 May 23, 2011 Joseph Laronge Cultural Considerations In the criminal justice system cultural concerns and influences in today’s societies have its positive and negative aspects. Cultural concerns and influences raises a lot of attention of the affect it has on justice and the security administration. In this paper it will first discuss how cultural concerns and influence affect the justice and security administration and its practices. Second, what contemporary methods areRead MoreBehavioral Analysis Unit1076 Words   |  5 Pagesis what makes a criminal suceptible to committing that particular crime; or why was that person targeted as a victim. This question has sparked many debates within the criminal justice field, which is the reason the Behavioral Science Unit was created by the Federal Bereau of Investigation. In certain cases, knowing how a criminals mind operates, will help lead an investigation in the right direction in order to successfully arrest the correct perperatrator. Analyzing a criminals mind, is learningRe ad MoreHistory Of Adr And Conflict Management Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesreview of the literature discusses the history of ADR and conflict management. Additionally, this section discusses the four principal ADR processes Mediation, Arbitration, Negotiation and Conciliation as part of the conflict resolution mechanisms. The theoretical framework and guiding theories were explored. Finally, this chapter analyses the legislative framework in both at National and International arena. 2.1.1 Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR is a generic term that refers to a wide array of practicesRead MoreCultural Paper1655 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society along with the mixed culture as it directly relates to the effect it has on the criminal justice system. The author will address how does the concerns of the culture effect justice and security administration and practices, contemporary methods used in societies with mixed cultures, how do these influences relate and affect nondiscrimination practices, and if the famous criminal justice historian Sir Robert Peels nine principles to organize a police department were presented todayRead MoreCrime Prevention Concepts and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) And Other Such Preventative Programs1594 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerns in society on the criminal justice system would explain in the community policing based on Peel’s concept of prevention. Many law enforcement agencies have embraced the community policing co ncept across the country. Its goal in preventing crime and promote better partnerships between police and community. According to Friedmann (1992), problem analysis and problem solving, facilitation, community organization, communication, mediation, and conflict resolution, resource identification and

Occupational Therapy In Mental Health A Meta-Review Essay

Three studies used evidenced based articles, literature, and databased key search words. The first study compared well-being and occupational performance interventions using PRISMA protocol (Liberati et., al, 2009) to reduce the bias of the study and CONSORT (Mother et al., 2010) to appraise the title, trial design, method, results, and conclusion (Clinical effectiveness of Occupational Therapy in Mental Health: A meta-analysis, pg. 3) ; whereas the second study used only level 1, level 2, and level 3 studies which compared the study results amongst all levels in the areas of client centered social participation/social skills training, IADL/life skills and physical activity, work and education, neurocognitive training, intensity and†¦show more content†¦#2 An additional study was designed for individuals with serious mental illness whose daily lives within the community have trouble with occupational imbalances and disengagements (Edgelow, 2008). The study compares occupational balance and occupational engagements by comparing an control group who receives normal treatment in an ACT facility working 1:1 with each participant, once weekly over 12 weeks and a treatment group which receives standard care along with AOI workbook interventions promoting and enabling (Barris,Kielhofner, Hawkins Watts, 1983; Townsend Polatajko, 2007) by focusing in change process, reflecting on current patterns and introduction of meaningful activities, gaining an understanding between serious mental illness, occupational balance and engagements, and ongoing monitoring and refinement of plans which occupational therapists worked 1:1 with each participant, once weekly visits over 12 weeks ranging from September 2007 through May 2008. #3 Another study was designed a bridge program to assess the effectiveness of an educational program for adults with serious mental illness. A control group received normal treatment in their regular mental health facility consisting of â€Å"medication management, case manager, 1:1 group counseling, and daily activity groups† to vigorously involve the participants in a variety of life skill intervention groups. (p. 248) 2 times per week for a total of 6 weeks. The bridge programs were heldShow MoreRelatedThe Occupation Of Gardening And Its Therapeutic Benefits For Children5855 Words   |  24 PagesThis essay will present an in-depth critique of the research literature exploring the occupation of gardening and its therapeutic benefits for children. Gardening is the activity of planting, cultivating and tending (Oxford dictionary 2015). The origins of gardening, and its fulfilment of a human need, date back to 1500bc where archaeologists discovered ancient paintings of opulent gardens by the Egyptians (Cellauro 2015). Recognition of the benefits of gardening as a therapeutic tool in occupationalRead MorePersonality Traits2403 Words   |  10 Pagesderived from empirical practice and it consists of five factors (1) Extraversion/Positive Emotionality, (2) Agreeableness, (3) Conscientiousness, (4) Emotional Stability versus Neuroticism, and (5) Openness/Intellect (Costa and McGrea, 1992), In this essay several examples of how the Big Five model indicates people’s behaviour are illustrated to analyze if the nomothetic approach is the most effective way to understand personality. A recently conducted study has revealed the relation between the BigRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes inRead MoreCauses and Effects of Internet Addiction Among Students10456 Words   |  42 Pagespredictors of IA included increased hours of daily Internet use, increased hours visiting chat rooms, sex pages and blogs, male gender, divorced status, poor grades, and accessing the Internet outside of the home. The results of this study will allow health officials to recognise students who are Internet addicted or on the verge of becoming addicted and stress risk factors indicating a need for intervention in or der to prevent the appearance of IA. Keywords: Greece, university students, Internet addictionRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill:Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesMikael Andersson/Nordic Photos/Getty Images; Figure 2.3  © Sean Justice/The Image Bank/ Getty Images; Figure 2.4  © Bruce Hands/Stone/Getty Images; 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5 based on Human relations: rare, medium, or well-done? in Harvard Business Review Vol. 26 No. 1 Harvard Business School Publishing (Roethlisberger, F. J. 1948); Figure 3.6 Courtesy of ATT Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ; Figure 4.1 The Trustees of the Imperial War Museum, London; Figure 4.2 adapted from Performance evaluationRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPrinciples of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for c lass. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis

Ethics And Ethical Issues Of Counseling Essay - 2535 Words

Ethics in Counseling Ethics and ethical issues can often be an extremely complex course of action that counselors will encounter sometime within their careers. For some time now, mindfulness and consideration of conflict amongst professional ethics and the law appear to be of utmost significance for counseling experts and counseling instructors (Mappes, Probb, Engels, 1985). Once these issues arise the counselor has to know what the ethical thing for them to do in this particular situation. Group counseling involves psychiatric attention in which more than a few patients assemble together with at least one therapist. The reason for these group sessions are the same but the topics discussed may be different. Each group member are wishing and hoping for some form of personal growth (Jacob, Masson, Harvill, Schimmel, 2016). According to Corey, Corey, Haynes (2014), some ethical issues that are defined in group counseling sessions involves good quality group leader training, values t hat each group member should maintain, concerns with confidentiality, termination, referrals, ethical concerns in group membership, what techniques to use during the session, and of course the follow-up. First of all, there has to be leader before these counseling sessions can be properly done. The leader has to be someone that been correctly trained and has the skills needed in order to be an effective leader. This person will be the one that will lead the discussions on the differentShow MoreRelatedEthical Codes And Guidelines Are Not Like Basic Recipes1468 Words   |  6 PagesEthics is an ongoing process in counseling in which every counselor should have some sort of knowledge about. Standard ethical codes and guidelines are not like basic recipes. They are very broad and vague. Ethical codes are often use for what you need to do, but not always how you should do it. Ethics is a word that’s widely used and an integral piece to the helping profession. Ethics is impor tant for all individuals who are working in the helping profession, including mental health, rehabilitationRead MoreExploring Ethical Codes and Possible Ethical Issues in Responding Therapy Clients through E-Mail921 Words   |  4 Pagesdecision to communicate by way of email there are many ethical issues that could arise. This case study will explore ethical codes, possible ethical issues, and possible solutions to any issue that Dr. Lyne could face. While Dr. Lyne may have found responding to clients via email as â€Å"high quality service†, I believe that responding via email could become controversial while discussing therapeutic issues. There are several ethical codes that address the use of electronics. While using electronicsRead MoreEthical issues in counseling Practice Essay775 Words   |  4 Pages Ethical issues In Counseling Practice Ethics are a vital component of Counseling. It helps keep Professional Counselors accountable to their clients, and to the state board. Let’s first start with the definition of ethics† Are guidelines or rules set by a governing body or society.. Ethics are important because it helps the Counselor think in reference of how well can he or she perform their duties. Ethics have many reasonsRead MoreEthical Issues Associated Within The Clinical Counseling Profession Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesencompasses ethical issues associated within the Clinical counseling profession. There will be at least four of the nine sections of the ACA Code of Ethics that will be covered within the context of this case. In consideration of each of these ethical breaches there will be dialog on the nature of the ethical issue or violation, where the ACA ethical code applies, ramifications of the ethical issue or violation of both parties, and with supplementary support of Kitchener? s five primary ethical principlesRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics1359 Words   |  6 Pagesversions of ethical codes in which it is useful to become aware of these differences for your future employment in working with a variety of professionals. Future coworkers may have different views and opinions however, a code of ethics will individualize these professionals and set standards. By making yourself aware of the differences, communication can become easier between employees of various backgrounds. Two particular organizations to compare may include the American Counseling AssociationRead MoreEthics and Licensed Professional Counselor1175 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ PCN-505 Scenario Analysis Assignment Directions: Read the scenarios below. For each scenario, provide a 75-150 word response to each question. Use the ACA and NAADAC Codes of Ethics and other scholarly resources to support your responses. You must provide at least one citation to support your response for each scenario. Though APA format is not required for your answers, citations and references should be presented in accordance with APA guidelines. 1. Barbara is a licensed professional counselorRead MoreLegal Ethical Issues with Advertising and Online Counseling1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe field of counseling, phones, fax machines, copiers, and computers are all used to run everyday operations and transfer information. Despite how great technology can be, ethical issues can arise because of it. For example, talking on the phone with a client in a crisis situation can create a condition in which confidentiality can be breeched. (McMinn, 1999). One new way in which technology has been used to extend the services of the counseling field is through online counseling. According toRead MoreThe Codes Of Ethics Of The American Counseling Association1667 Words   |  7 PagesComparison Professional associations establish codes of ethics to ensure that clinicians uphold the standards of their association in order to protect the clients they serve and the profession they are affiliated with. This paper will compare the codes of ethics of the American Counseling Association (ACA), American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT), and National Association of Social Workers (NASW). ACA Code of Ethics The ACA is an educational, scientific, and professionalRead MoreWhat Does Diversity Do With Ethics?1075 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Does Diversity Have to Do with Ethics? When contemplating the subject of diversity in relation to ethics, several questions may arise for the first-year counseling student. These inquiries may be broad or rather specific. Primarily, one may wonder if the topic of diversity itself is such a significant subject that it is outlined in a code of ethics. Secondarily, if diversity is addressed, is it treated as a singular subject or broadly covered under an umbrella of principles? ConsequentlyRead MoreCase Study Analysis996 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Case Study 2: Sally Goes to School Shanda Woody Montreat College Ethical Case Study 2: Sally Goes to School A fundamental aspect of ethics in counseling is the right to informed consent. Informed consent reflects respect for the client as an individual and promotes self-governing during the counseling process (Pope Melba, 2011). The American Counseling Association Ethical Decision Making Model provides counselors with a

Oedipus Destiny and Fate Essay - 1333 Words

Although it is widely alleged that destiny is by choice, there are a vast number of people who believed that it is by fate. Those who believed it is by choice follow the directions and guidance of their elders. For example, they will try to hold on to the values that their parents instilled in them and use them to guide their entire lives. Others who believed that destiny is by fate, believe that the outcome of their lives is determined by luck, and that no matter what they do or how careful they are, whatever has to happen to them must happen. These proponents that emphasize that destiny is by fate may have gotten their belief from myth such as the story of Oedipus, which is a perfect illustration of how destiny is by fate. Just like†¦show more content†¦Throughout his childhood to manhood, Oedipus started to inherit little pieces of his past. But when he tried to obtain more information, no one would say anything. So he went to the Oracle of Delphi. There he was inform ed of his fate in an unclear way. When Oedipus heard of this, he left Corinth to avoid killing his adoptive father who he believes is his real father. On his way to Thebes, he runs into this chariot. It just so happens that this chariot had his birth father in it, but both father and son didn’t know nor recognize each other. They got into a heated fight because Laius ordered him out of the road. Oedipus thought of this demand as being an insult, and furthermore killed his father and his guards (Fun Trivia). As you can see, no matter how it’s sought out, whether knowing consciously or not, fate is going to come true. According to the story, â€Å"Oedipus the King† (trans. By Stephen Berg), a famous part of Oedipus’s life was when he came across the Sphinx at the cross roads that asks riddles to travelers. No one ever passed this intersection to or from Thebes because no one ever got one of his riddles correct. The specific riddle he asked Oedipus was: â€Å"What walks on four in the morning, two in the afternoon, and three at night?† Oedipus answered, â€Å" Man; as an infant he crawls on all four, as an adult he walks on two legs, and in old age he relies on a walking stick.† He was the first to answer a riddle correctly, which caused theShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King, Fate And Destiny1201 Words   |  5 Pagesplay, â€Å"Oedipus the King†. In case you did not know, Sophocles is from Greece. In Greek mythology there are three goddesses who preside over the birth and life of humans. Each person s destiny was thought of as a thread spun, measured, and cut by the three Fates, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. In the story â€Å"Oedipus the King† fate and destiny was the main theme. On Google the definition of destiny is the events that will necessarily happen to a particular person or thing in the future. Fate is definedRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - The Fate of Oedipus1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fate of Oedipus in Oedipus the King    In Oedipus the King there comes a point in the play where Oedipus learns something that plays an important role throughout the play.  Ã‚   He learns from a   oracle that he will eventually kill his own Father and sleep with his own mother.   As one could imagine this is a shock to Oedipus, and he does not believe the oracle.   However, he cannot prevent any of this from happening because it is his fate.   Oedipus is a victim of circumstancesRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Driven by Fate1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Fate in Oedipus Rex Before we approach this complex question inductively, we are at first obliged to contemplate what definitions and assumptions are being made. This essay, perhaps more so than others, requires a more extensive look at this aspect of the question, because of the sheer variety of possible responses. However, I now have reduced them to three possibilities. Firstly, we could make the assumption that perhaps as destiny controls all fates, then Oedipus character wasRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Victim of Fate3445 Words   |  14 PagesThe Victim of Fate in Oedipus Rex The question has been raised as to whether Oedipus was a victim of fate or of his own actions.   This essay will show that Oedipus was a victim of fate, but he was no puppet because he freely and actively sought his doom, although he was warned many times of the inevitable repercussions of his actions. When first considering this topic, I speculated that maybe it was the destiny of Oedipus to suffer, but a friend asked me to explain why Oedipus, in the actRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Fate and the Modern World966 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Rex, Fate, and the Modern World  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the two thousand since â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was written, it has been analyzed and dissected innumerable times and in every possible way.   Usually the analysis has been within the context of the play itself or within the context of other Greek tragedies.   Perhaps it would be more relevant and interesting to evaluate the play within the context of the modern world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his play Sophocles brings up many questions which are not easily answeredRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King3894 Words   |  16 PagesThe Concept of Fate in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To the first-time reader of Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus Rex, it seems that the gods are in complete domination of mankind. This essay will seek to show that this is not the case because the presence of a tragic flaw within the protagonist is shown to be the cause of his downfall.    In the opening scene of the tragedy the priest of Zeus itemizes for the king what the gods have done to the inhabitants of Thebes:    A blight isRead More Boundaries of Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King1282 Words   |  6 PagesBoundaries of Fate and Free Will in Oedipus the King    The ancient Greeks firmly believed that the universe was guided strictly by order and fate. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles has examined the relationship between free will and fate, suggesting that free will paradoxically exists inside the boundaries of fate. It may be concluded, however, that man has free will and is ultimately held responsible for his own actions.    Oedipus destruction was brought about by a combination of fate and freeRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Defining Fate1000 Words   |  4 PagesFate in Oedipus Rex      Ã‚  Ã‚   During ancient times, the Greeks believed very strongly in a concept called fate.   What is fate?   Fate can be defined as a cause beyond human control that determines events.   It can also be defined as the outcome or end of some sort.   In Oedipus Rex, King Oedipus is a character that lived by fate and died by fate.   This element of fate truly impacted the storyline and the plot, while allowing for some interesting developments that may have been unforeseen byRead MoreDestiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Role of Fate635 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Fate in Oedipus the King In Oedipus the King, one can easily see the tragedy that comes when Oedipus lives out fate, although not of his own intentions. Oedipus did everything in his own power in order to keep the prophecies from being fulfilled. One might even say that Oedipus ran from fate. Webster defines tragedy as a medieval narrative poem or tale typically describing the downfall of a great man. Oedipus the King is certainly a tragedy, and as Dr. Lucas states in his blogRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - The Paradox of Free Will1318 Words   |  6 PagesA Paradox: Oedipuss Free will in the Play Oedipus Rex William Shakespeare once wrote, Who can control his fate? (Othello, Act v, Sc.2).  A hero and leader must acknowledge above all else his honor, and the pride of his image.   In ancient Greek beliefs, a hero was a man who stood taller than the rest; he was able to better any conflict.   He did this not for himself or for any token award that may be given to him, but for the security of his fellow man.   Physical strength and superior wit are

Estimating Risk and Return Free Essays

1. â€Å"Why is expected return considered forward-looking? What are the challenges for practitioners to utilize expected return? † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 246). We will write a custom essay sample on Estimating Risk and Return or any similar topic only for you Order Now Expected return is â€Å"forward-looking† in the sense that it represents the return investors expect to receive in the future as compensation for the market risk taken. The challenge is that practitioners cannot precisely know what the future holds and thus what the expected return should be. Thus, we create methods to estimate the expected return. 2. Describe how different allocations between the risk-free security and the market portfolio can achieve any level of market risk desired. † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 246). An investor can allocate money between a risk-free security that has zero risk (? =0), and the market portfolio that has market risk (? =1). If 75% of the portfolio is invested in the market, then the portfolio will have a ? =0. 75. If only 25% is invested in the market, then the portfolio will have a market risk of ? =0. 25. The first example (? =0. 75) might be taken by a less risk averse investor while the second example (? 0. 25) illus trates the portfolio of a more risk averse investor. By allocating the investment money between 0 and 100% into the market portfolio, an investor can achieve any level of market risk desired. 3. â€Å"Compute the expected return given these three economic states, their likelihoods, and the potential returns:† Economic StateProbabilityReturn Fast Growth0. 3040% Slow Growth0. 5010% Recession0. 20? 25% Expected return = 0. 3? 40% + 0. 5? 10% + 0. 2? -25% = 12% 4. â€Å"If the risk-free rate is 6 percent and the risk premium is 5 percent, what is the required return? † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 47). Required return = 6% + 5% = 11% 5. â€Å"The average annual return on the Standard and Poor’s 500 Index from 1986 to 1995 was 15. 8 percent. The average annual T-bill yield during the same period was 5. 6 percent. What was the market risk premium during these 10 years? † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 247). Average market risk premium = 15 . 8% ? 5. 6% = 10. 2% 6. â€Å"Hastings Entertainment has a beta of 0. 24. If the market return is expected to be 11 percent and the risk-free rate is 4 percent, what is Hastings’ required return? † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 247). Use the capital asset pricing model to calculate Hastings’ required return. Hastings’ required return = 4% + 0. 24 ? (11% ? 4%) = 5. 68% 7. Calculate the beta of your portfolio, which comprises the following items: (a) Olympic Steel stock, which has a beta of 2. 9 and comprises 25 percent of your portfolio, (b) Rent-a-Center stock, which has a beta of 1. 5 and comprises 35 percent of your portfolio, and (c) Lincoln Electric stock, which has a beta of 0. 2 and comprises 40 percent of your portfolio. (Adapted from Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, p. 248. ) 0. 25? 2. 9 + 0. 35? 1. 5 + 0. 40? 0. 2 = 1. 33 How to cite Estimating Risk and Return, Essay examples

Consumer Behavior for Marketing Strategy- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behavior for Marketing Strategy. Answer: Task Consumer behavior can be defined as the behavior and the attitude of the buyer at the time when they make their buying decisions. The decision is made regarding which products to select and which not to be selected. There are many factors that affect this behavior of people in the environment (Quester, Neal, Pettigrew, Grimmer, Davis Hawkins, 2007). It is the sequential process that needs to be followed by the buyer in order to make intelligent decision of buying. Understanding consumer behaviors is very much necessary for the companies. This is because the main aim of the companies or the businesses is to market their products in a way the customers want to develop the products that satisfy the needs of the customers. This can only be dining if the companies know about the behavior of the consumer towards the products. The marketers of the products are one who needs to understand this behavior. Marketers position their products in the way the customers want products to be (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2012). Thus, the marketer learns and research about the behavior of the consumers first and then positions the products in the same way to enhance the sales. There are many companies in Australia such as Woolworth and Coles which are very much customers oriented. These companies try to find out the needs of the customers and then position their products accordingly. Culture is one of the major factors that affect the consumer behavior of the people. Culture refers to the beliefs and the values that people follows and these values greatly affect the buying decision of the person. The behavior of buying is learnt at early stage by the buyers from the culture and the society they are living in. thus, it affects their buying decision for long term (Fraj Martinez, 2007). There are many companies which adopts the strategy of localization in order to market the products in the local market. This is because the people in different local market have different references and choices (Khan, 2007). For example, Coca cola is the brand that serves almost the whole world with its products. The company has the logo in which the word Coca-Cola is written with red color on white background but in China the logo has different elements. The written part is of white and the background is red. This is because it seems more attractive for Chinese customers. The reaso n being China is the country where red color is the traditional color and thus people get attracted towards the color more. Masstige is the term of market that deals with the products or brand that is not expensive but served to the masses as prestigious. The change in the choice of the consumers and the environment factors leads to rise in masstige products or brands (Schtte Ciarlante, 2016). This is because the consumer today have a lifestyle that needs to be showcased with the products and the brands they use, thus these brands needs to be prestigious as well as low priced. As far as the Australia market is concerned, it has been analyzed that the market of masstige products is becoming very popular. It has been identified that the beauty products industry is majorly affected by this trend because the women in Australia do n twats to over limit their credit cards for buying the products to enhance their beauty but also want the higher quality products in affordable prices this trend in Australia has changed the business pattern and leads to collaboration among the companies so as to cater this middle market of the country (Schiffman, O'Cass, Paladino Carlson, 2013). Target is the firm that has collaborated with the company called The Estee Lauder Companies those results in development of the Beauty Bank that is the space for three cosmetic brands that are reasonably priced. These brands are American Beauty, Good Skin and FLIRT. According to me, reference groups are those groups whose views are considered before making any of the shopping decision. Reference groups can give their opinions after experiencing the service of that predicts and may alter the buy decision of others (Dennis, Merrilees, Jayawardhena Tiu Wright, 2009). Reference can be given by any group of people such as neighbors, friends, social groups, salesmen etc. But, which group can influence the individual depends on the individual and the bond between the group and that individual (Blythe, 2008). In my case, the most trust worthy reference group is my friends. This is because they are the one who have similar choices like me and they have knowledge about the market so I trust them and consider their views before making any buying decision. Not only the people we know can affect our decision but the brand communities can also affect the buying decision. I am the members of one of the brand communities. The community name is My Starbucks Ide a. This community allows the Starbucks fans to communicate with each other. This communicate facilitates the users to provide their innovative ideas on the portal that is considered by the company to innovate their brands. References: Blythe, J. (2008).Consumer behaviour. Cengage Learning EMEA. Dennis, C., Merrilees, B., Jayawardhena, C., Tiu Wright, L. (2009). E-consumer behaviour.European Journal of Marketing,43(9/10), 1121-1139. Fraj, E., Martinez, E. (2007). Ecological consumer behaviour: an empirical analysis.International journal of consumer studies,31(1), 26-33. Khan, M. (2007).Consumer behaviour and advertising management. New Age International. Quester, P., Neal, C., Pettigrew, S., Grimmer, M. R., Davis, T., Hawkins, D. (2007).Consumer behaviour: Implications for marketing strategy. McGraw-Hill. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Schtte, H., Ciarlante, D. (2016).Consumer behaviour in Asia. Springer. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2012).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU.